"I made poor choices," Irwin said at the National Press Club. "I'm still a normal human being, and I need a place to eat, and I need a place to sleep, and I need a place to work. And so all those things have been difficult to obtain."
"I can get a job, but it wasn't going to pay me any money, and I wasn't going to ever move up. So I think that's a barrier for everybody," Irwin told CNA of her efforts to find a job that would pay well and offer her career advancement opportunities.
She still faces "many barriers" including in housing and employment, she said, noting that the societal stigma against someone with a criminal record is quite real when she applied for housing or for jobs after she had served her prison sentence and, in her words, paid her "debt" to society.
Just "the way people look at you" when they hear about a criminal record, she explained, "you tell people you're a felon and they think you killed five people."
"That's their automatic reaction," she said, and societal change needs to happen through peoples' minds, not legislation. "That comes from peoples' mindsets being changed about 'criminal people.'"
"I sold drugs to supplement my income for my rent, because I was in a place I couldn't afford. And she [the landlord] knew it. I knew it. But I needed a place to stay, so I'm like 'I'll take it,' knowing that I couldn't pay for it," Irwin said. She was caught selling drugs and sentenced to prison again.
"One of those things was like how do I get ahead without criminal behavior? How do I get ahead without trying to skirt the system?" she said. "And so I had to really push through that, and take a low-paying job, and just allow myself to develop, where a lot of people who are in that criminal mindset, they don't think like that because they want it now, and right now."
Her first big break came when a friend she had worked with referred her for a management position at Kentucky Fried Chicken. She was offered to be manager of a franchise.
"I was so excited," she recalled, noting she had an opportunity for success "without having to look over my shoulder."
Yet ex-convicts face tens of thousands of obstacles and restrictions – over 46,000 "collateral consequences" at the federal, state, and local level across the U.S., John Malcolm, a legal expert with the Heritage Foundation, noted at last Thursday's event.
In a report he co-authored in March on "collateral consequences," he noted how some states have hundreds of consequences for persons with criminal records including barriers to specific careers. Employment barriers make up most of the consequences, he noted – 60 to 70 percent, according to the American Bar Association.
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And a dozen states "restrict voting rights even after a person has served his or her prison sentence and is no longer on probation or parole," Udi Ofer, director of the ACLU's Campaign for Smart Justice, noted at the event.
The disparity can fall sharply along racial lines, too, he added. "Black Americans of voting age are more than four times more likely to lose their voting rights than the rest of the adult population, with one out of every 13 black adults disenfranchised nationally."
Matt Hadro was the political editor at Catholic News Agency through October 2021. He previously worked as CNA senior D.C. correspondent and as a press secretary for U.S. Congressman Chris Smith.