First among the challenges facing the Church is the question of communion between the various Catholic rites and traditions present in the Middle East. This theme came to light often during the synod sessions, especially concerning the realities of the Catholic communities in Iraq, which are suffering violence and discrimination. Elsewhere in the region, relationships among various Eastern Catholic Churches appear to be fractured. In some countries, multiple archbishops serve local Christians depending on their historical tradition.
The bishops listed the second challenge as one "from the outside, namely, political conditions, security in our countries and religious pluralism." During the talks, much time was spent evaluating the social situation and public security in the region. Many referred to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a source of unrest for the entire Middle East.
Talks focused on Palestinian suffering from "Israeli occupation" and Israelis suffering from “an insecurity." They are "anxious about the unilateral initiatives that threaten its composition and risk to change its demographic balance. With all this in mind, we see that a just and lasting peace is the only salvation for everyone and for the good of the region and its peoples."
A further challenge they listed is the continued suffering of the Church in Iraq, marked by killings and displacement. The bishops expressed their solidarity with Iraqis and their Catholic communities and hoped that those who have emigrated will receive support to one day return to a secure nation.
Finally, the challenge of the interactions between Christians and Muslims in the region was highlighted. The bishops said they extensively examined the situation during their talks. The idea of the "common citizenship" which is shared by all people was emphasized.
They continued by explaining, "God wants us to be Christians in and for our Middle Eastern societies. This is God’s plan for us. This is our mission and vocation - to live as Christians and Muslims together. Our actions in this area will be guided by the commandment of love and by the power of the Spirit within us."