This knowledge “easily yields to a relativism that does not serve true intercultural dialogue; on the social plane, cultural relativism has the effect that cultural groups coexist side by side, but remain separate, with no authentic dialogue and therefore with no true integration.” The opposite danger also exists, he warns, which is of a “cultural levelling and indiscriminate acceptance of types of conduct and life-styles. “
Another area in need of development is improving food security, which the Pontiff says, “needs to be addressed within a long-term perspective, eliminating the structural causes that give rise to it and promoting the agricultural development of poorer countries.
“It is therefore necessary to cultivate a public conscience that considers food and access to water as universal rights of all human beings, without distinction or discrimination,” he stresses.
The humanistic synthesis must also include religious freedom, Benedict insists. One particular affront against religious freedom that must be addressed is violence.
“Violence,” the Pope writes, “puts the brakes on authentic development and impedes the evolution of peoples towards greater socio-economic and spiritual well-being. This applies especially to terrorism motivated by fundamentalism, which generates grief, destruction and death, obstructs dialogue between nations and diverts extensive resources from their peaceful and civil uses.”
In the realm of human knowledge, Benedict XVI notes that it is “insufficient and the conclusions of science cannot indicate by themselves the path towards integral human development.” At the same time, he explains that there is “always a need to push further ahead: this is what is required by charity in truth.” “Going beyond, however, never means prescinding from the conclusions of reason, nor contradicting its results. Intelligence and love are not in separate compartments: love is rich in intelligence and intelligence is full of love.”
Forty Years After “Populorm Progressio”
More than forty years after “Populorum Progressio,” the Pope reflects, “its basic theme, namely progress, remains an open question, made all the more acute and urgent by the current economic and financial crisis.”
According to the Holy Father, the principal new feature in today's world is “the explosion of worldwide interdependence, commonly known as globalization.”
This new reality demands new solutions, the Pope states, as he launches into the application of a humanistic synthesis onto our modern view of humanity.
“The development of peoples depends, above all, on a recognition that the human race is a single family working together in true communion, not simply a group of subjects who happen to live side by side,” he states.
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Reflecting on this idea of a single family, Benedict says, “One of the deepest forms of poverty a person can experience is isolation. If we look closely at other kinds of poverty, including material forms, we see that they are born from isolation, from not being loved or from difficulties in being able to love.”
However, this does not mean that Christians should adopt the view that all religions are equal, the Pope cautions.
“[W]hile it may be true that development needs the religions and cultures of different peoples, it is equally true that adequate discernment is needed. Religious freedom does not mean religious indifferentism, nor does it imply that all religions are equal. ... 'The whole man and all men' is the criterion for evaluating cultures and religions. Christianity, the religion of the 'God who has a human face,' contains this very criterion within itself.”
On the question of how to dispense aid, the Holy Father stresses that “the principle of subsidiarity must remain closely linked to the principle of solidarity and vice versa, since the former without the latter gives way to social privatism, while the latter without the former gives way to paternalist social assistance that is demeaning to those in need.”
A humanistic synthesis must also be sought in addressing the phenomenon of migration, he states. The issue “requires bold, forward-looking policies of international cooperation if it is to be handled effectively,” policies that involve both the migrants' countries of origin and their countries of destination.
The financial system, after being revamped and corrected, “now needs to go back to being an instrument directed towards improved wealth creation and development,” Benedict XVI writes.