Although the women "know that something is being done to them medically," the clinics "don't tell them what they are going to use the eggs for." Because the women are illiterate, they often undergo operations without true "informed consent."
Williams finds it repugnant that many of the procedures, which are "actually banned in Europe and America," are still being carried out in Africa.
She and others are fighting these practices. In addition to combating illegal activity, the doctor has found herself at the Nigerian senate, where some organizations "have gone to try to get countries to pass laws or to change laws which allow them to further exploit these young women for their eggs, for their organs."
When asked why sub-Saharan Africa sees so much trafficking, Williams described a set of cultural circumstances that leaves many people at risk.
"West Africa and East Africa have had a culture of slavery over the centuries, so they don't see it as 'evil' because it is something that has been happening and so it's a different type of slavery," she recounted. "Parents might sell their daughter to recover money for debt, to build a house, to buy land."
The practice of "bonding" is also very common. "It's like borrowing money," in that a family "bonds" their daughter to a person or group "and (they) expect that the girls are going off hopefully to make some money and bring some money back."
"Others go as domestic workers, housemaids, to people abroad," continued Williams, "but in actual fact the girls are exploited. They are used and their passports are seized and taken away and they have no freedom."
Nigeria itself houses a "vicious center" of human trafficking. Many of the girls from there "end up in Italy as sex slaves."
Sex slavery is more common in East and South Africa, says Williams, where there is a link between the tourist industry and pedophilia.
Another group of victims involved in trafficking are those who are "just trying to run away from conflict and unemployment," she stated. Their risk levels are particularly high because "they have no papers, no identification."
All of these people "are very susceptible to all these traffickers who are making a lot of money out of them," warned Williams.
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To combat these problems, the Catholic Church is working with "women's organizations, and the reverend sisters, and homes," to try to help women who are victims of sex slavery.
"They try to rescue them, rehabilitate them, teach them a new way of existing, before repatriating them," noted Williams.
In the future, she hopes for a more united, inter-disciplinary, global response to trafficking at large as a result of this weekend's conference.
"From all the different experts we have coming in here – we have social workers, we have police, we have NGOs, we have FBOs, we've even got people from the Anglican church, you know, all the people who are working at grassroots levels…we're hoping that at the end of this meeting at least we'll know exactly the next step to take."
Behind all of this research and activity, added Williams, must be prayer.
"I would like to pray to our Blessed Mother…that she should pray for us so that we can actually find a solution to this problem because the amount of suffering, misery, ruined lives of young children, ruined lives of young women – it's just got to stop."